Critique assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scrutinize - Assignment Example Getting everything into consideration, in spite of the fact that computer games can be loathsome and brutal it ought to be commented that it isn't generally important for workmanship to appear as world amicability and serenity (Jenkins, 2000). Computer games have for quite a while been found in an antagonistic light, and individuals can't conquer that numerous computer games are incredible or keep kids from being dynamic. A few people, in any case, appear to frantically attempting to blame computer games for all the wantonness ethics found in the public arena. Reality remains that for a youngster to be contrarily influenced by an anecdotal game, and afterward the game is the main wellspring of information the individual gets. There are numerous kids who can work computer games like human battle without turning out to be forceful themselves. It profoundly on how their folks ingrained their ethics in them. With respect to kids who are essentially influenced by computer games, they will in general copy the activities they seen in rough games (Jenkins, 2000). This is because of guardians either deficient with regards to much time or either the will to bring them up the manner in which they would have liked. These guardians will in general move the fault from their youngsters and accuse the computer games. Computer games keep a set social lawfulness with a few of the most recent methods of craft of the past and today. They can and ought to be respected demonstrations of workmanship since that is the thing that they are comprised of. Computer games are 3-D intuitive canvases with shading, shadowing, and basically every rule that oversees any hand made workmanship. They influence our sentiments while associating with our bits of knowledge too, similarly as a video or craftsmanship would. Also, would one not be at a situation to call the creators of the games specialists? They are absolutely utilizing their masterful abilities and manifestations similarly as a craftsman would to delineate their vision to people in general. Computer games put different things in specific situations for reasons unknown

Human Anatomy and Physiology System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Human Anatomy and Physiology System. Answer: Presentation: Plasma Membrane (or Cell Membrane) is the limit that separate cells inward substance and its external surroundings. Every cell of a multicellular living being contain sure measure of atoms or segments inside them, subsequently cell film assists with keeping up this sum by keeping up the harmony between intracellular liquids and extra cell liquids (Jenkins Tortora, 2013). The plasma is a one of a kind and porous structure that shows up significant at the limit of every cell and improves its movement in cell capacities, for example, trade of vaporous materials and trade of particles. The structure of the plasma film is known as the liquid mosaic model and as per this model the plasma film is a twofold layered lipid structure that have scattered protein particles through the structure. As the protein atoms are continually changing and shapes a mosaic structure inside the layer, this model is known as the liquid mosaic model (Stables Rankin, 2011). The segments of this liquid mosaic structure are of two kinds, film lipids and layer proteins. The lipid layer frames the fundamental structure of the film and inside this structure, phospholipids (significantly), glycolipids, cholesterols and lipid pontoons. The phospholipids are made out of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, which is comprised of unsaturated fat chains. This lipid layer shapes a twofold layer so each water adoring side that is intracellular condition and extracellular condition can be associated (Stables Rankin, 2011). The advantage of this hydrophilic and hydrophobic blend is that in spite of a liquid structure that moves continually, the flip-flop activity is forestalled (Marieb Hoehn, 2016). Further the film proteins are embedded inside the layer structure and called transmembrane proteins and these proteins additionally contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic district and these proteins are partitioned in two areas. These areas are vital protein and fringe proteins. These proteins structures channels and segments through which transportation of intracellular and extracellular fluids happen. Further, a few proteins function as hormonal receptors for signal transduction process (Stables Rankin, 2011). The job of plasma film in oxygen transportation is exceptionally powerful and because of the semipermeable idea of plasma layer the cell can move oxygen and carbon di oxide over the cell film ()Marieb Hoehn, 2016). This transportation happens because of the ideas of dissemination, as per which, atoms moves from high focus to low fixation, whenever partitioned by a semipermeable film. At the point when the human body retains oxygen, the convergence of carbon di oxide is higher inside the cell and low in the extracellular lattice, in this way the development of CO2 from intracellular condition to extracellular condition happens. Thusly, the grouping of oxygen increments outside the cell that assists with diffusing the oxygen into intracellular condition. Additionally, plasma layers assume viral job in return of particles over the cell condition. The plasma film comprises of a sodium potassium trade siphon that assists with siphoning sodium and potassium particles inside or outside the cell. For this situation, regardless of higher centralization of sodium particles outside the cell, the film doesn't permit transportation of these particles to go through the layer. In this way, Sodium potassium siphons assists with diffusing these particles over the film (Marieb Hoehn, 2016). References Jenkins, G., Tortora, G. (2013).Anatomy and physiology, third edn, pp. 12-87, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Marieb, E. N., Hoehn, K. (2016).10th Edn, pp, 34-78, Human life structures physiology. Pearson Education. Pens, D., Rankin, J. (2011).Physiology in childbearing [electronic resource](3rd ed.), pp. 12-145,. Edinburgh: Baillie?re Tindall/Elsevier.

Research and Decribe the Dress and Vermeers Paintings - 275 Words

Research and Decribe the Dress and Vermeer's Paintings (Essay Sample) Content: Dress and Vermeer's PaintingsNameProfessors NameCourse nameDateDress and Vermeer's PaintingsThe article authored by Ginkel and Jonker focuses on the dress code that Dutch artists depicted in their works during the seventeenth century. The various themes identified in the article are discussed in this paper.The theme of symbolism is one of the major themes discussed by Ginkel and Jonker in their article. It has been argued that the type of dress artists in the seventeenth century chose to depict depended on the message they wanted to relay. However, the author insists that for the case of Johannes Vermeers painting, it is challenging to interpret the meaning of costume depicted. Historians have also identified dresses as a useful parameter for dating art meaning that they can associate specific dress code to a specific time. It should be realized that the interpretation process basing on the dress codes of people depicted in a painting is dependent on a personal unders tanding of clothing. Therefore, different historians are likely to give different interpretations. For instance, in Vermeers art known as A Woman Asleep, the womans garment, bears a meaning. The fashionable dress code has been linked to drunkards and negligence. According to Ginkel and Jonker, the contrast of this situation would depict a woman wearing a simple dress that may include coarse stitches and an apron and a red petticoat. The silk jacket and earrings depicted in the painting A Woman Asleep was an illustration of the criticism against servants during the seventeenth century. It is believed that such classy dresses were linked to laziness to the point that a law was established to prevent servants from adopting such expensive dress codes in 1861.Luxury is another theme that has been discussed in the paper authored by Ginkel and Jonker. According to the authors, luxury was not to be considered whenever the roles and behavior of servants were in question. Servants were expect ed to avoid luxury at all cost as this prevented them from exhibiting efficiency at work. In the article, luxury has not only been linked to behavior but also the mode of dressing of people. A Woman Asleep who is believed to be a servant has an expensive dress, yet she is a servant, which is considered as a luxury at work. For many years, drinking of alcohol h...

Using a Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) For Team Roles

Defining and sharing team roles and responsibilities in the planning phases of a project can improve the performance and identify and address potential difficulties during a project which can impact and determine a project’s success. One-way to that you can identify team roles and responsibilities in cross functional projects and processes is by utilizing a Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM), also known as RACI matrix or Linear Responsibility Chart (RACI). RACI is an acronym derived from the four key responsibilities most typically used: R= Responsible: The person or role who is assigned to achieve the task. This is the individual who is directly responsible for the task or deliverable. There is typically one role with this participation type, although others can be delegated to assist with the role but are given another participation code. A=Accountable: The individual who is ultimately responsible for the correct and thorough completion of the deliverable or task and the one to whom Responsible is accountable, and is the one who delegates to those Responsible. There must be only one Accountable specified for each task or deliverable. C=Consulted: These are the individuals who opinions are sought and are subject matter experts associated with the task or deliverable. These individuals are in direct communication with the person who is assigned the task or deliverable (R) and help them find solutions to specific issues associ ated with the delivering theShow MoreRelatedPm586 Final Study Guide1407 Words   |  6 PagesRemember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. 3. See Syllabus Due Dates for Assignments amp; Exams for due date information. 4. Reminders: * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time * Click the Save Answers button often * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon againRead MoreManaging A Project Team, An Understanding And Knowledge Of The Design And Construction Process1441 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGING A PROJECT TEAM Syed Tauseef Ali (Author) Civil Engineering Department Bradley University Peoria, Illinois syedtauseefali@mail.bradley.edu Abstract—Managing a project team requires an understanding and knowledge of modern management as well as the knowledge of the design and construction process. Nowadays, associations in the development area use groups to meet today s global competition and client desires, however, they require better methods for assessing the viability of the groupsRead MorePROJ 592 Project Cost and Schedule2102 Words   |  9 Pagesneeded. The most likely amount required is 36 tons. 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Some elements in a company’s external environment that can play a significant role in a firm’s activities are competitors, customers in the marketplace, the government and other legal or regulatory bodies, general economic conditions, pools of available human or financial resources, suppliers, technological trends and so forth.Read MoreHow The Ansari X Prize International Hotel Project Will Be Determine Or Executed, By Team Leaders Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pagesbe determine or executed, by team leaders. Schedule are very important, they’re and important part of any project you work on, as they provide the project team sponsor, and stakeholders with a great view or picture of the project status at any given time. The schedule management plan has some great tools, and it has a main purpose to define the approach the project team has and will use in many occasions on creating the project schedule. The plan includes how the team you’re working with will createRead MoreAnalysis Of Ansari X Price International Hotel Project1969 Words   |  8 PagesThe other important aspect will be the methodology of quantify research, that will be used to reduce the different project failures and also schedule overruns while using statistical attributes that will help you monitor the project during its lifecycle, and also help you measure any type of data to formulate the different facts within the project and the parameters of the project scope, this will help with the project. The analysis can help you in many different ways, it could help you identify

Struggling With Mental Health Disorders - 1462 Words

Robin Williams: Struggling with Mental Health Disorders Mental health disorders are becoming more and more prevalent in the United States today, especially since the world consists of more prestigious medical professionals that can diagnose individuals. What does a mental health disorder entail and how can one be effectively diagnosed? Many people do not realize they are suffering from a mental illness, which can sometimes be extremely detrimental to a person’s health and can eventually lead to death if not treated. Extensive research has provided the world with more knowledge on the causes, symptoms, and treatments of several mental health disorders with the help of the DSM-5. Any individual can be diagnosed with a mental health disorder, even those â€Å"perfect† celebrities people idolize. Robin Williams, a well-known actor and comedian, took his own life in August 2014 from the detrimental effects of bipolar disorder and depression. Robin Williams was a prestigious actor and comedian who recently took his own life on August 11, 2014. Many people probably did not expect this occurrence from his upbeat and hilarious personality he portrayed to his followers. According to The National Alliance on Mental Health, approximately 2.6 percent of American adults live with bipolar disorder, about 6.1 million people (Communities Digital News). Several people who suffer from bipolar disorder and depression tend to hide it from their loved ones. Bipolar disorder may have stimulated hisShow MoreRelatedStigma Surrounding Mental Health Disorders1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stigma Surrounding Mental Health Disorders Mental health disorders affect just about every single person in the world. These disorders come in many forms and severities. A couple of these disorders are depression, anxiety, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and many more. In the United States alone 43.8 million, 1 in 5, adults suffer from a form of a mental health disorder. About 21.4%, or 1 in 5 juveniles ages 13-18, suffer from mental health disorders. Of people in our countryRead MoreHigh School Should Be The Time Of Your Life1168 Words   |  5 Pageshas said â€Å"Estimates are that 25% of the 150 million child visits per year for primary health care (non-mental-health and other specialties) have a psychological problem associated with the presenting problem† (pg.604). These numbers are shocking for some. This percentage may be even higher. With mental illness, numbers and data is altered because of the stigma that comes along with talking about mental disorders. Imagine having a stomach ache and n ot wanting to tell your parents you’re not feelingRead MoreEating Disorders : A Young Woman Sits At The Table872 Words   |  4 Pagesbehaviors have escalated into widespread suffering of eating disorders. In fact, the National Institute for Mental Health reported that 25% of all college students are victims of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Anorexia nervosa, commonly referred to as â€Å"Ana†, is an eating disorder characterized by extreme restriction or complete avoidance of food. On the other hand bulimia, nicknamed â€Å"Mia†, is distinguished by binging and purging. These disorders are far from insignificant, because they are much moreRead MoreThe Field Of Mental Health1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of mental health has evolved over the last century and a half due to medical advancements in the field. Mental illness is no longer seen as a hopeless situation for Americans to deal with. People with mental challenges can have productive lives with the proper treatment. Today, fewer stigmas are associated with having mental illness. A more humane approach occurs in psychiatric medicine than in the past decades. The practice of lobotomy was stopped in 1967 it was a controversial procedureRead MoreThe American Foundation Of Suicide Prevention935 Words   |  4 Pagesnon-profit organization acknowledges that suicide and mental health problems are part of our society and by understanding this we can better support those in need, and suicide affects a tremendous amount of people and proper education and treatment can prevent people from committing suicide. â€Å"Each year in the United States, suicide claims over 40,000 lives - more than war, murder, and natural disasters combined†¦Suicide is not just a faceless health issue for our society - it affects real people.† (1Read MoreThe Benefits Of The Health Care System849 Words   |  4 Pagesfor men/women based on their individuals needs dealing with substance abuse and mental issues. In addition, AAC offers service not only for the individual, but family therapy, on-site intensive workshops, and individualized addiction plans. Equally important, the addition plans are customized, according to the individual’s seriousness of addiction coupled with the presences of co-occurring mental health disorder. Last, the programs offered are CARF Accredited facilities Research-based therapyRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness889 Words   |  4 Pages000 people experience homelessness annually (Health Care for the Homeless). Before a family or an individual becomes homeless, they go through a series of devastating occurrences that are mostly unintentional and sudden. Some people become homeless from causes such as a family dispute, divorce, substance abuse, or gambling. The problem of homelessness is not easy to solve, but people need to understand that some of the prominent causes are a mental disorder, illness, loss of a job and domestic violenceRead MoreHow Does The United States Media Affects Mental Illness? Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision, portray mental illness? 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What needs to happen to create change? These questionsRead MoreThe Reasons People Become Homeless909 Words   |  4 Pageshomelessness annually (Health Care). Before families or individuals become homeless, they go through a series of devastating occurrences that are mostly unintentional and sudden. Some people become homeless from causes such as a family dispute, divorce, substance abuse, loss of a job, or gambling. While all of these issues and many others are contributing factors in homelessness, anyone can become homeless at any time, and some of the most prominent causes are mental disorders, domestic violence, and

Emerging Accounting System Characteristics of an SAP

Question: Describe about the Emerging Accounting System for Characteristics of an SAP. Answer: What are the characteristics of an SAP implementation in a hospital compared with the other organizations (i.e. what is different, what is not?)? What characteristics are specific to the SAP implementation in a Colombian hospital? Comparison of SAP Characteristics for Hospital and Other organizations According to Vojislav Patrick and Marko (2014), SAP is one of the most widely used ERP software used for high scale operations and it would be helpful for increasing the effectiveness of the operations in a hospital system. Point of Comparison In Hospital In Other organization Reporting SAP ERP has database management for all the records of hospital and it can be managed easily using the software (McKinney and Kroenke 2013). There is no need to report from separate about the financial activities of the hospital because SAP ERP acts as a reporting agent itself. In other organizations SAP ERP would be helpful in forming the commercial data and accounting operations. The stakeholders and investors can use the software for keeping the track of the accounting data for the financial year. Security According to Bressler (2014), the SAP ERP stores huge amount of accounting data and patients record. The security option present in SAP would help in protecting the data and information of the hospital. The authentication feature of SAP ERP is composed of authorization using identity verification for accessing the information of the SAP database. It would help in keeping the patented information of the other organization secured from external access. Performance improvement The billing, invoice generation and cost accounting are the features of SAP ERP that would help in increasing the performance of the hospital information system for accounting activities. SAP ERP increases the sales of the organization for their products and services. Table 1: SAP activities in hospital and other organizations (Source: Vojislav Patrick and Marko 2014, pp-12) Functions of SAP Implementation at Valle del Lili foundation (VLC) SAP implementation would help in integrating the accounting operations of the hospital on a single database structure (Chuprunov Bachmann and Nowatzki 2013). It would help in various functions of VLC hospitals such as keeping track of medical records, taking medical orders, back office processes, all accounting activities, and inventory stock of the hospital. Track of accounts data: All the charges whether it is by cash or on credit card the SAP ERP would help in maintaining an invoice for the activities (Bressler 2014). The large scale accounting data generated from over 1000 emergency operations and 43000 hard copy bills of the hospital on a month can be managed and stacked using SAP. SAP ERP has huge advantage for vast storage area. The data is stored chronologically which would help in tracking accounting data along with the date of occurrence. Ease of auditing processes: The implementation of SAP has helped in increasing the efficiency of the auditing and processing of raw accounting data at the hospital (McKinney and Kroenke 2013). The charges to the respective patient for his or her test or operation can be traced back using the SAP accounting system. SAP ERP has various functions of accounts and invoice system such as invoice generation, print options, chronic arrangement of data and complex calculation for tax and rebate. Hence the accounting operations of Valle del Lili foundation hospital could become efficient and consistent by the use of the SAP ERP software. According to Vojislav Patrick and Marko (2014), the costing factor for SAP ERP when compared to the vast operations is also less. References Bressler, L. 2014. Teaching an online accounting information systems course: Student perceptions of SAP/ERP active learning.Journal of Finance and Accountancy,15, 1. Chuprunov, M., Bachmann, R., and Nowatzki, A. 2013.Auditing and GRC Automation in SAP(pp. I-XXXII). Springer. McKinney, E., and Kroenke, D. M. 2013.Essentials of Processes, Systems and Information: with SAP tutorials. Pearson Higher Ed. Vojislav, M., Patrick, U., and Marko, M. 2014. The Effect of Different Strategies for Integrated Planning within Cost Center Accounting on the SAP Systems Performance: Evidence Based on SQL Trace Reports. InInternational Scientific Conference of IT and Business-Related Research-SINTEZA(pp. 10-15308). Singidunum University.

The Universe Essays (1250 words) - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang

The Universe It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball--an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe at an age of trillionth of a second. The temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling to a few billion degrees in few

Booker T. Washington (1859-1915) - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Booker T. Washington (1859-1915) - Smart Custom Writing Information over social network Sites (SNS)Today we are in the edge of information technology. Communication becomes much easier now a day. People from different corners of the world can now interact with each other with the help of technology. Internet becomes a strong and popular medium of communication. You can always stay in touch with the near and dear ones. Social network sites make the impossible possible and facilitates the communication and become very strong medium of virtual social gathering. A social network site is the communicating media for interaction among people from any parts of the world using internet technology. In these sites people share their personal information and make friendship with many people of the world. SNS has become the household of today’s world. SNS terms are used widely now a day. This is a great way to connect with colleagues, friends, family and also a source of establishing new relationship will the people around the world. These sites are used by individuals, professionals, students, house wives irrespective of different age group. Research reveals that the desire for making new relationship leads to the development of different SNS sites over the internet. Some of the sites are so popular that it is now become the part and parcel of some people to visit those sites regularly, sometimes frequently. Through mobile web, any one can enter to those sites. To become a user of those SNS, it requires registration. After completing the registration users get access to those sites. Users need to fill up the information on the fields. Different types of personal information can be provided. After completing the profile it looks rich with personal information. Before opening an account in any SNS, we should become aware of our privacy. Golder, Wilkinson, and Huberman (2007) did research to gain the idea about friendship making trend and messaging activities. They did the study of anonymous database of 4 million face book users and analyze 362 million messages that had exchanged via face book. Most of the sites ask users to complete the information segregating personal, social and professional.   The contact address, email id, telephone number and other personal information need to be provided in order to make the profile sane percent complete. Much private information regarding occupation, favorite personality, likings and disliking along with other information need to be shared in those SNS. Barnes's (2006) describes the "privacy paradox" it the state when young are not fully aware of the information sharing via profile in SNS. Pictures and videos can be shared via those sites. With the touch of the mobile camera or PC pictures and videos can be uploaded and shared. The ease of communicating and sharing with other people is the main theme for the popularity of SNS. The high zeal, craze and enthusiasm of those sites become the concern of revealing the privacy of the people. This privacy issue is about SNS is much talked with the growing of this new types of communication. Undoubtedly the usefulness of those sites are unlimited but at the same time negative sides are also become the matter of concern to the parents. Through SNS users can communicate each and every moments of their life. Instant feelings can be shared with the friends of the users. Different occasions like birth day, marriage ceremony, get together party; religious festivals can be well celebrated via SNS. Friends can be provided with various virtual gifts and emotions easily. There are various numbers of SNS and some of them got higher popularity. Having an own account in those site become prestigious issue for the new generation especially young people. It seems like people talk about the ids of different sites. Among the various social networking sites twitter, face book, MySpace, Orkut, classmates etc. are very much popular. The widespread accessibility of those sites gives them the highest popularity. SNS now become the strong media of spreading information. Some information can be found in those sites even before on air on Television or radio. Lampe, Ellison, and Steinfield (2006) discovered that users of face book do search option to find some friends whom they have known earlier but not yet added in face book. There are many groups created which seems very much active on the net. Religious groups, minority groups, fan club of celebrities and be found in those sites. In the last US presidential election, SNS is used a strong tool for campaign. Celebrities share their feelings and views with their fans residing across the globe.   Musicians can interact with the listeners very easily with less cost effective ways using SNS. So, it becomes very much useful for them to take viewers opinion about their upcoming albums and music. Those who are interested about stock market can join specific group. All the information related to stock business like the most profitable company, prediction about price and overall the experience of different stock investors can be found in those sites. With the help of modern technology FM stations are becoming another media of communication. In SNS many fan radio fan club are established which talks about different programs and the liking and disliking of the people. People who missed any topic can scroll over the pages and be updated with the Radio Jockeys. Television fan club is also seen very much active in SNS. Religious groups use SNS to spread the truth of the religion. The overall communication via SNS is very much interesting. One can pass hours with out getting bored because so much interesting matters to see in those SNS. The most popular Social networking site is Twitter. Now people can be come update with the recent news via twitter. You can get the news via mail, SM S directly to your inbox. What you need is just to subscribe your email with the service of twitter. Form the business perspective the goal of twitter is to promote the business news to the people who have stake on that information. Face book is very much prominent among the SNS. People of this generation now ask for face book Id. It is a very useful medium of frequent communication with the friends who stay away from us. Just by opening a user account in the face book, any one can create his own networks of friends, colleagues and other relationships. Most of the young now become addict of Face book. The privacy becomes a big issue and challenging using SNS. Recently US defense express its concern of using Face book to its soldiers and alert them to be careful in communicating via those SNS. Orkut was introduced in 2004 affiliated by Google in another less known name of SNS. But still has significant user base. This site is very easy to use and very much user-friendly. One important feature of orkut is before signing up; you need to refer some one who has already orkut account. If you don’t have any referral, you need to wait for somebody to invite you. Sharing information and making own network via this site is quite easy and interesting. Classmate is another SNS which get recognition day by day. Initially you don’t need to pay anything for opening an account there but in order to get membership benefit you have to pay later. MySpace is another popular SNS with above one million users. You can make your own personalize page by completing the profile in MySpace. You can use that webpage to invite many friends and relatives to join your network. You can share photos, video clips, music clips easily with your friends and can store virtually. The SNS are so much popular that many websites provides direct link to access via their site. It increases the page visit rate of the sites. Some other services can be taken using the Face book Id. It means the account holders of those sites are given preference to use their SNS user account to login to other sites. Reciprocal linking can be created using the SNS. The communication gap can be easily bridge using SNS. You can always in touch with the people whom you may not have the chance to meet physically. So, it brings a unique opportunity for us. Many personal, social and business problems can be discussed and solved using SNS. It can include so many people even with the outsiders of the organization; you can share anonymously with your troubles. You can easily track and store the good and bad moments of your life which can be viewed later times. It surely bring pleasant memories and take your to the moments. Companies are using SNS for the promotion of product and services. These sites become very much cheap means of promotion. The more popular those sites are the better chances we have to become a member of that community. This is a very fine means of communicating with the community us familiar. Various entertainment options and means are found on those sites. People pass their time not only for communication purpose but also for entertainment. SNS is a very good source of getting information about the people we know. Status can be updated on a continuous basis so we ca know the movements, the activities of the friends of our list. This increases the appeal of the SNS ground high. Today most of the people who have frequent internet access are found having various user accounts in different social networking sites. You can suggest friends to your friends of the lists. Any irritating or annoyed user id can be blocked easily. Before using face book you should customized your settings and make the profile safe from misuse.. It is recommended not to add anybody whom you don’t familiar with. In this way you can build your own social network. The developers of those sites make the Graphical User Interface (GUI) flexible, user-friendly and eye-catching that one can find all sort of expected features embedded on the sites. In face book it allows users to create his own photo album and share it with the people easily. You can customize your photos with our own style and ways. You can make unlimited photo albums there. Another interesting thing is you can store your favorite photos by uploading and protect those albums from data losses of your pc crash. You can share those all or selective pictures with whom you want. You can tag any interesting pictures with your friend and share your feelings. The network building is very much interesting. You can visit your friend’s friend list and make new friends. Many people have found their familiar near one whom they lost in the past. The search engine of SNS is very much strong. You can make any search using keywords. The profile can give you an idea about any person. I can enlarge your thought with mixing so many people around the world. You can know the current trend of the market, the fads; the glamour’s and easily shares with your closer ones. Making comments on any status is also very much unique feature of those SNS.   You can like any ones ideas or give your own opinions a\bout it. Most of the SNS have embedded chat option with the friends. So, you can chat live with your dear one. Sometimes people spend so much time without boringness. The emotions of face book are very much interesting.   Some other features like fortune viewing, prediction about future, love calculator, wonder box all bring excitement to those sites. Messages can be given in private or you can post messages on the friend’s wall in face book. Birth day reminder, anniversaries are all unique features that you can enjoy when you have your own face book account. You can create your own group of friends with your preference and choices. Each and every SNS has its own rules and regulations. The users of those sites have to abide by the terms and conditions. Instant messaging is an added feature in SNS. You can make new contacts with completely unknown person. It’s like an adventure and something thrilling to know about the hobbies and interest of various people whom you don’t know. Sometimes you can find and meet some famous persons from SNS.   In the society we feel the belonging needs and keen to mix with others. SNS gives you the platform to enlarge your familiarity and make strangers to bosom friends. As a social being social interactions can be made easily and in a quicker ways using SNS. Those SNS have no particular interest. It just makes connections of people and arranges a medium so that they can stay closer virtually. We find the great importance of these sites in our life. In today’s business world, people are becoming very much busy and our life become s super fast. Face to face interaction decreases due to the mobility of the people for job and immigration purpose. So, for those busy people those SNS can be the only light of hope as a mean of communication. Communicate from anywhere, anytime anyways can be expressed as the motto of those SNS. People of all the ages irrespective of age, sex, color, and race can come under one roof of friendship and altogether make a happy society. Through SNS you can join to various online communities of your interest. You can get update news, upcoming events, featured stories and various topics about your preference. You can customize the choices and my filter the events that you don’t like. Since, personal information is shared through SNS, so taking precaution is the best ways to avoid any unnecessary risk of losing the privacy. Stop revealing sensitive information while communicating. So much information can be spread so take it as fun and stay safe. Before joining to those SNS, be sure to read the user agreement of the site as many people don’t bother not to read the disclaimer. It will help you to be certain that those sites protect your privacy and safety. Students can join various learning commonalities and meet people of other parts of the world. It helps them to gather more knowledge and open their mind and thought and also enables them to learn different culture. Study showed that it would bring good for the students if the professors are on the Facebook (Hewitt Forte, 2006). People, who want to get information about culture and race, can easily communicate with various cultural people and exchange their views and learn different customs and traditions observing by many cultures. People use social networking sites for business purpose also. They can circular the company information and make online groups of their company. Information can be circulated from those groups. Some website enables the users to upload videos so business community can use that facility to reach to the target group. Building online communities can be a good way to know about the feed back from different stakeholders. Before launching any product to the market company can put them on the web for open discussion. The feedback then use in the decision making process. So in this way information can be shared through SNS. Many successful stories have been heard about relationships. People meet via SNS can finally become the life partners. Since all sorts of information can be shared so people coming into contact with one another very easily. SNS can play the role of match making for some people as they found their right partners while communicating via SNS. Statistic shows that during first quarters of 2010 about sixty percent of Australians are registered in face book. Each and every day more and more new people join there and try to build a good virtual network. Among the SNS face book is becoming the most viewed and used site and still in the top position. Though there are concern for privacy and security issue, still safe using can make the best use of the SNS. In order to protect the account from identity theft, log off the account after browsing. Make sure you keep your password safe, make frequent change to your password, try to take hard to guess password.   Using behind a firewall is another way to protect from the hackers and other unwanted activities. The teenagers, housewives, students who have ample time at hand can pass their leisure time in those sites. Sometimes it hampers the study of the students as the give more priority to this sort of activities. Parents are now more worried about the future consequence and impact of using SNS in the life of their Childs. Sometimes while communicating, children fall in love and become emotional. We are now in the world of free flow of information. People are becoming internet freak gradually. This generation tries to give more time and stay online. So for those, SNS have great importance. It removes the monotony and brings social gathering online. Another important aspect of communicating via SNS is that people tries to update every move, feelings and emotions. But sometimes it may hamper your privacy. So before sharing any information through SNS, you should think about the objectives and consequences. Fragoso (2006) examined the role and impact of "Brazilian invasion" of Orkut which leads to the clash in the cultures of America and Brazil. And this has happened because of the control of the SNS by the Brazilian authority. SNS have many benefits and advantages but the dark side must also be remembered. Still some negative sides are found in SNS. Some people came up with false information and provide fake profile and deceive people. All users should make good friends whom they trust before going to add anybody into your friends list. Always hide your email id, mobile number, national id number, credit card number and other sensitive information from everybody and share only general information that may not hamper your life. Social Networking sites are the blessings of science and becoming extremely renowned day by day. The importance and significance of SNS in our daily life is unavoidable. Safe use of the service can only helps you to build a strong network of friend circle. Social networking has contributed a means of connection with old classmates, colleagues and family members and the new people whom you new meet before. Social Networking activity is advised to kept to a least or minimum used in moderation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Golder, S. A., Wilkinson, D., Huberman, B. A. (2007, June). Rhythms of social interaction: Messaging within a massive online network. In C. Steinfield, B. Pentland, M. Ackerman, N. Contractor (Eds.), Proceedings of Third International Conference onCommunities and Technologies (pp. 41-66). London: Springer Hewitt, A., Forte, A. (2006, November). Crossing boundaries: Identity management and student/faculty relationships on the Facebook. Poster presented at CSCW, Banff, Alberta Lampe, C., Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., (2006). A Face (book) in the crowd: Social searching vs. social browsing. Proceedings of CSCW-2006 (pp. 167-170). New York: ACM Press. Fragoso, S. (2006). WTF a crazy Brazilian invasion. In F. Sudweeks H. Hrachovec (Eds.), Proceedings of CATaC 2006 (pp. 255-274). Murdoch, Australia: Murdoch University. Barnes, S. (2006). A privacy paradox: Social networking in the United States. First Monday, 11 (9).

Bleakness and Futility in Chapter 2 of The Great Gatsby

Consider the second chapter of Great Gates, pages 23-25; investigate Fitzgerald 's image, form, structure, and his comments on American society in the 1920' s. The swaying and bleaky images of the Valley of Ash juxtaposed with the end of the starlight in Chapter 1 show the devastation and useless of the society of the 1920s Jazz era. It embodies the spiritual hollow nature of society, eventually collapsing and falling into its fundamental entity-free nature. The connection of the hedonistic carnival in the opening chapter finds the division of the metaphor in the contradiction of Chapter 2; they collapse like the American dream structure. Gatsby is wonderful. When you pick up the book, the first thing you see is the title Great Gatsby so you expect Gatsby before opening the book. As we revealed in the first chapter that the narrator is the same as Gatsby's neighbor Nick Calloway, it tells us that he hates Gatsby, but at the end of the paragraph he marks the character of Gatsby gorgeo us . Scott Fitzgerald's great Gatsby was known as a roaring twenty in the American history in the 1920s. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby reflects the life of the 1920s. In the roaring twenties, prospering parties, outstanding fresh fashion trends, and excessive alcohol are every aspect of life. The magnificent party of Scott Fitzgerald's Great Gatsby reflects the American life in the 1920s. Gatsby shows his excellent wealth by opening a spectacular party We must recognize that there are many similarities between Great Gatsby and its author F. Scott Fitzgerald. Most importantly, Great Gatsby was done in the 1920s, and Fitzgerald experienced this period. The 1920s was an important point in Fitzgerald 's life. It is just like the important link in this novel. But the period is not the only similarity between Fitzgerald and great Gatsby, but it is the one that can best form the story. Fitzgerald is one of the themes of Great Gatsby, focusing on important differences between th e pursuit of dreams and the realization of dreams. Fitzgerald does not directly address this idea, but it plays it through the actions of the character. For example, in Chapter 5, Gatsby showed Daisy and Nick all the wealth he accumulated to impress Daisy. The author's topic can be seen in the behavior of Gatsby.

Compare and Contrast the North American and European Perspectives on Essay

Compare and Contrast the North American and European Perspectives on Competitive Balance - Essay Example A higher competitive balance would be determined if the disparity of the league presentation is minimal in relation to the perfect league (Zimbalist, 508). Most persons have made sports as their professions through which, they earn their livelihood. Europe and North America are among the regions with significant ventures in sports. Both North America and Europe tend to expose their superiority in sports, but in unique ways. The regions show outstanding approaches on different types of sports such as football, boxing, basketball and athletics. North America and Europe possess similar elements in sports that are susceptible to evaluations to allow comparison and the determination of contrasts. The comparison of the sports between the two regions incorporates the balancing of the similar aspects of their sports process. The contrasts would entail the disparities in the elements of sports and the procedures incorporated in the regional sports of North America and Europe. Sporting teams i nvolve in a combined production during competition and the value of their results contributes to their product sold to the spectators. Sports are also unique because the predetermination of the results lowers the public’s turn up and decreases the demand. This exercise would incorporate the inclusion of credible examples to enhance the vividness of evaluated sports instances. European sports have postulated a significant dominance in one sport, the football. The football has become a source of aesthetics in the European countries such as England and Spain. Therefore, the European football has attracted many individuals from various regions of the globe. Consequently, the European football has undergone modifications in every aspect accompanied by enhanced degree of specializations. Europe possesses one of the largest markets of football kits and the football personalities. Europe has also the efficiently balanced football schedule that offers guidelines throughout the leagues throughout the sporting year (Zimbalist, 508). In contrast, the North America practices a diversified sports system in their competitions. The Americans have ensured minor disparities between different sports and activities. The North Americans have ensured proficient in other sports such as athletics, basketball, tennis and rugby. The consideration of different sports equally might attribute to better economic welfare since there are more sources of revenue to the states. The sports also exhibit different competitive balances in their performance equally. For instance, the National Basketball Association has attained two champions, the Celtics who dominated in 1959 and ten years after and the 76ers, which won thereafter. Other teams have also surfaced in the championships winnings such as the Lakers, Pockets and Pistons, bulls. This competition in basketball also shows that the North Americans engage actively in more than one sport, unlike the Europe. The European sports exhibit a significant degree of flexibility regarding the teams participating in tournaments and leagues. The European football leagues entail the pyramid system, which allows for the appreciation and depreciation of ranks of the teams basing on performance. The European leagues exist in different categories for instance

John Snow Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Snow - Assignment Example John Snow, also known as the father of epidemiology, is a renowned British physician who played a major role in discovering the real cause of cholera. He propounded that cholera was a water-borne disease which is caused by the oral ingestion of the disease-causing germs. Following this theory, he also succeeded in tracing the source of the spread of cholera during an outbreak of the epidemic in Soho. (Vinten-Johansen et. al., 2004). Snow was born and brought up in York region of England. After completing his preliminary education till the age of 14, he began working as an apprentice to a surgeon. During his tenure as a surgical apprentice, Snow gathered valuable knowledge about the fundamental concepts of medical science and learnt multiple skills that are essential for a physician. This period in his life was extremely influential in the growth and development of Snow in the domain of medicine and surgery. He understood the mechanism of spread of diseases, learnt ways to restrict the spread of diseases, observed many surgeries taking place and came to know the ways to ensure the welfare of patients. This period not only marked a learning phase in the life of Snow but also saw his emergence as a skilled physician. He developed a scientific approach for administering pharmaceuticals to the patient with respect to their dosage and personal identifiers. (Piarroux and Faucher, 2012). For instance, he showed how the human body responded to different doses of anesthetic drugs. (Ball, 2008). Though the approach was formulated several decades back by Snow, the intervention still continues to be followed worldwide in the practice of medical science today. In the late 1840s, a widespread outbreak of cholera was witnessed in London. During this period Snow, using his scientific methodology, was able to discover the nature of a dangerous strain of cholera. By the use of

Human Trafficking Essay -- forced labor, sex trafficking, debt labor

Introduction Human trafficking is phrase that is used to describe the various ways in which a person â€Å"obtains or holds another person in compelled service† (U.S. Department of State, 2011, p. 9). There are several categories of human trafficking, such as forced labor, sex trafficking, and bond or debt labor. Human trafficking can affect adults and children, with the trafficking in children for sex being particularly egregious (p. 9-11). Human trafficking frequently goes unnoticed, and victims often blame themselves for their problems and therefore are unlikely to self-report (Office for Victims of Crime, n.d.). Although many might think of this is a third world problem, human trafficking occurs in every country in the world, including the United States. It is believed about 600,000 to 800,000 victims of human trafficking cross boarders each year, and somewhere around 15,000 of them are brought to the U.S. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004). Countries are ranked in a tiered system by the State Department, with Tier 1 countries being the most proactive towards recognizing, preventing, and prosecuting these crimes, and are required to report incident numbers annually. As of 2010, Tier 1 countries reported a total of 6,017 prosecutions for human trafficking, with 3619 resulting in convictions. But more importantly, Tier 1 countries identified an astounding 33,113 number of human trafficking victims during that same year (U.S. Department of State, 2011, p. 38). Myths and Misconceptions There are a variety of misconceptions held by the public about human trafficking crimes that can hinder discovery. Many people believe only foreigners can be victims of this crime, but in truth anyone from any nationality ... ...Victims of Crime. (n.d.). Anti-human trafficking task force strategy and operations e-guide. Retrieved from https://www.ovcttac.gov/TaskForceGuide/EGuide/Default.aspx. Polaris Project. (2006). Common myths and misconceptions about human trafficking in the U.S. Retrieved from http://ccatcoalition.site.aplus.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/common- myths-and-misconceptions.pdf. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2004). Human trafficking fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/about/fact_human2004.pdf. U.S. Department of State. (2011, June). Trafficking in persons report: Introductory manual. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2011/index.htm. Warren, V. (2008, October 30). Nude photos, massage lead to indictments. Dayton Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-19414528.html.

ELIS and IP Models of Information Seeking

Library and information science has changed greatly since the 1970s with current research focusing more on how ordinary people behave in everyday life when seeking information (Savolainen, 1995) rather than studying the habits of professionals such as those in the legal, medical and engineering professions. With this shift in focus, new models were required to explain information seeking characteristics based on the innate differences between these two groups. One of the resulting models with great influence in the field of information science, based on its numerous citations, is the Everyday Life Information Seeking (ELIS) paradigm first introduced by Reijo Savolainen (1995). Nearly ten years later, Pamela McKenzie (2003) created a second, differing model of information seeking referred to as Information Practices (IP) using peoples’ everyday behavior as a basis. While both models are effective in their portrayal of how an individual seeks information in everyday life, ELIS and IP put a different degree of focus on stressing differing degrees of emphasis on the functions of human personality, context, and problem solving practices to explain an individual’s information seeking practices. Before comparing their similarities and contrasting their differences a brief explanation of each method and its assumptions, main concepts, the context in which they are used and can serve as real-life practice in information science will be examined. Everyday Life Information Seeking (ELIS) The ELIS model is based on the assumption that individuals have their own preference for which sources they are comfortable using and the socially conditioned patterns by which they behave. Central to the model is the concept that way of life, as defined by Savolainen, means â€Å"the order of things† (Savolainen, 1995) such as the division between one’s work and leisure time, consumption of goods and services and leisure activities. Human beings give preference to certain practices over others in going about their daily lives. This definition comes from Bourdieu’s (1984) idea of habitus, or a system of thought that is determined by social and cultural factors as well as characteristic evaluation and perception, which are individually internalized. If a person does not maintain his preferences, or â€Å"mastery of life† according to the ELIS model, his life will become disordered. When a problem out of the ordinary occurs which needs to be solved, his mastery of life will take over so as to actively seek information which is considered effective and practical to solve it. This same process occurs when an individual is seeking information. According to Savolainen, there are four types of life mastery used in the ELIS model which include optimistic-cognitive, pessimistic-cognitive, defensive-affective, and pessimistic-affective. All types exist in concert with a positive outlook from optimistic thinking on one end of the spectrum while a negative outlook as the result of dictating emotions takes place on the opposite end. An individual’s way of life directs how he will seek out information and also the converse is true: that information seeking will determine mastery of life when used in context. Components that influence context include such things as personal values and attitude, social networking, material assets, cultural and cognitive influences, as well as the individual’s current situation in life. In addition to this mastery of life typology, Savolainen (1995) states that these components have influence over how an individual will seek to solve problems. Two types of information are defined in the ELIS model. Passive monitoring of events such as news and weather reports from printed media which give an individual information regarding his everyday life is considered â€Å"orienting information†. Such everyday data is represented in the â€Å"project of life† box in the ELIS model. On the other hand, â€Å"practical information† seeking serves the purpose of finding a solution for a specific problem that interrupts an individual’s ordinary life. A personal approach to mastery of life is used to seek either orienting or passive information. Savolainen (1995) takes a leap in explaining certain aspects of mastery of life. His research assumes that all humans share an innate desire to achieve this mastery of life and that when problems occur they will naturally seek information to solve the issue. The fourth type of mastery of life, pessimistic-affective or, more literally, â€Å"learned helplessness† is described with the caveat that systematic information could play a part in the information seeking behavior, characterized by the use of emotional responses and lack of judgment, in certain individuals. Perhaps this is another type of mastery of life in and of itself. Another assumption made by Savolainen (1995) in his ELIS model is that there are only two simple divisions of an individual’s life; he is either at work or at play. There are several other categories that could be used such as those who are unemployed, those who job seeking, and those who do seasonal work (who would enjoy a huge proportion of leisure time). Therefore, in these cases, his assumptions based on a person’s division of work and leisure become moot. Savolainen (1995) admits to identifying a couple more assumptions that might interfere with his research. One is the importance of way of life as being a significant factor in information seeking behavior, confirmed by the results of studies done on blue collar workers and teachers. He also made a point to recognize that he assumed mastery of life style plays a key role in a person’s response to problems and also when they are seeking information but evidence suggests that mastery of life by itself does not always dictate behavior. Research was performed by Savolainen in Finland using a sample of the middle class and working class populace and conducting themed interviews. Eleven industrial workers and the same amount of teachers were questioned regarding their methods of seeking orienting information from the media for their everyday life needs. The subjects were asked to relate a recent problem and how they went about solving it with the results analyzed and assessed for their relevance to the ELIS model. Savolainen (1995) hypothesized that social class would be a determining factor in information seeking but found instead that this only creates an outline on which to base their way of life. Information Practices McKenzie’s (2003) more recent IP model is quite different in its approach.   Similar to Savolainen’s ELIS model, the theory behind IP encompasses a variety of components. McKenzie first came up with the ideas behind IP when observing the information seeking practices of women expecting twins. Responding to Erdelez’s 1999 (from McKenzie, 2003) challenge for â€Å"more holistic and detailed tools† to use when modeling information seekers’ behavior, McKenzie (2003) sought a more current overview of information seeking in everyday life by non-professionals as well as acknowledging that individuals often use â€Å"non-active† practices when encountering information. This led to her theory which would ultimately uncover the various ways people behave, and interact, when armed with new information. McKenzie (2003) claims there is a flexibility often used when seeking information and that the process is not totally linear. McKenzie’s IP model assumes four modes of information practice with two phases encountered within each. The individual uses flexibility and complexity and these traits are incorporated in each mode and phase. The four modes are active seeking, active scanning, non-directed monitoring and proxy. The first type of seeking identifies a source while the second is only semi-directed combined with observation. Non-directed refers to encounters with information that was not formerly expected while seeking by proxy is defined as using an intermediary source to get to the end result. At least one of these modes is used by individuals who then interact to the information with varying behavior. A breakdown in communication or a barrier to the proper connection can occur during information seeking in any of these manners. There are additional ways for an individual to connect with a source of information as well as interact with the information itself. Active seeking occurs during searches when supplemental data is uncovered, usually in response to an acute need, which was not part of the seeker’s original intent. This then redirects him to other possibilities and new information. Connection with this information gives an individual cause to interact with it by using a list of pre-formed questions or topics previously considered. By being positioned in a space where information can be shared or one can be exposed to information via electronic sources, a connection is made through the process of active scanning. Listening as well as observing others and scanning the material at hand are several methods of interaction with the information. On the other hand, non-directed monitoring is more like an unexpected, unintentional encounter with useful information during the course of everyday life. Observation and listening in on conversations between other people are ways of interacting with the information. Lastly, connection by proxy is a result of using information sources such as friends who lay claim to certain information and act as intermediaries to this information or through an interpersonal referral system. Interaction in this mode occurs when the information given takes on the form of advice, diagnosis of a problem, or instructions. Along with the ELIS model, the IP model also makes several assumptions. The four modes of information seeking seem to be rather narrow. Avoidance may be considered an additional mode, as is the case when information comes to a person who may not desire to receive it, such as a traumatic medical diagnosis. The ways of interacting with information that McKenzie (2005) outlined in the IP model are limited in scope as well. Assuming an individual uses their own context during interactions with information as she suggests, then a wide variety of personalized traits and behavior should come into play. Consequently, there cannot be a limited number of types of interactions; they would be infinite. Certainly the fact that McKenzie (2005) performed her research on a restricted number of pregnant women might influence the results and her interpretation of them. The sample subjects used in the research were a group of 19 Canadian women who were all expecting twins at the same time. Using epistemological orientation of discourse in her methodology, McKenzie reasoned that the subjects were motivated to seek necessary information (as new mothers) but also considered generically representative of their community at large. The subjects were allowed to answer interview questions freely and with no limitations and this information, along with diary entries, used to obtain the necessary qualitative data to complete the study. The expectant mothers were asked to not only share their behavior when seeking routine information but to reflect on any differences that occurred during critical incidents in the information seeking process or their interactions with it. Compare and Contrast Both the ELIS and IP models are based upon theories which attempt to explain the behavior of non-professionals in their everyday lives when seeking information of both critical and non-critical status. The two models include the key component of individual context and its power over the information seeking process. McKenzie (2003) refers in positive terms to Savolainen’s earlier research and its breakthrough concepts in the studying of information seeking behavior in non-professionals in her treatise on the IP model, giving him credit for a novel approach. The IP model, while it takes note of the role of individual context, does not offer any further elaboration on the plethora of these factors that most likely exists. While McKenzie (2005) refers to individual context, she does little more than that in using it to explain behavior. Conversely, the ELIS model revolves around the theory of individual context and a person’s social standing, morals, values, attitude and current life situation. These factors are obviously an integral part of how a particular person seeks information as well as how he orders his life. In terms of the importance of context, Savolainen’s ELIS model has included a richer diversity of theory into the concept, which is one of its strengths. Both McKenzie (2003) and Savolainen (1995) include mention of an individual’s personality traits in explaining their information seeking behavior. This factor obtains importance as a part of mastery of life typology in the ELIS model in its references to characteristics of optimism and pessimism in the first two types, explaining positive or negative reaction to information that is found during a systematic and cognitive-oriented approach. His mastery of life, too, is reflected in this personality trait, extending it to other applications. The use of emotion as a response to the life process and problem solving characterizes the third and fourth types of mastery of life; people who fall into these categories do not think logically about their behavior. Thus the ELIS model can be considered to contain psychological theory in addition to theories regarding information seeking behavior. The IP model, on the other hand, assumes an individual patterns their behavior based on personality traits without actually furthering understanding on this dimension, merely stating that users connect with information through very active or less direct modes. Interactions that occur are the result of using both cognition and emotion in seeking information. There must first be an individualistic understanding of information to allow for active seeking and scanning. Non-directed or proxy modes are used by those who interact as a result of emotion. Using Savolainen’s (1995) fourth mastery of life type as a comparison, it would leave no other option but to consider the pessimistic-affective type to use the proxy mode due to the fact that he â€Å"does not rely on his abilities to solve everyday life problems†, according to McKenzie. Those who are considered systematic personalities, however, may also use the monitoring and proxy modes. Both the ELIS and IP models are also alike in their treatment of information seeking techniques and practices. While each employs its own terminology in explaining information seeking behavior, many of the concepts are similar. For instance, with the ELIS model, Savolainen (1995) explains that people seek information on an everyday basis to orient aspects of their lives by using passive monitoring to monitor its passage. In the IP model, this concept is similar to what McKenzie (2003) terms passive monitoring and in fact she makes reference to this likeness in her research. Practical information is explained by both models also. The ELIS model refers to this as information sought in use of a problem. In the IP model, this same concept is referred to as the intermediary or proxy method of seeking information. McKenzie (2003) offers further insight by defining this process as a way of gathering information from friends or other personal sources. The ELIS model simply fails to describe this. Conclusion There are significant factors available in study of both the ELIS and IP models which aid in further understanding of how ordinary people search for information during the course of their everyday lives. As Savolainen (1998) suggests, mastery of life typology can be employed in the understanding of how people use their own context to perceive information as well as their perception of how competent they are in performing a search. Both models are relevant as use in deeper investigation into specific populations which exhibit unique behavior. Future research to delve deeper into the context concepts of the ELIS model would be beneficial. Additional study of individual concept and interaction behavior based on the IP model are also warranted based on the ability to further pinpoint motivation in information seeking. While the gap in more comprehensive research exists, the concepts in both the ELIS and IP models are relevant and valid as an aid for those studying Information Science as well as in other areas of study of human behavior including sociologists and psychologists. It will be exciting to find what further insights are gained from future exploration of both Savolainen’s and McKenzie’s models on information seeking behavior.   

Poverty Affects Children The Most - 1793 Words

Zinnah Fallah-Brown Mr. Van English 12-1 21 February 2016 Poverty Affects Children the Most Poverty is a major problem in the world and a growing problem in America, it is the state of being poor. In America, the United States Census Bureau published that there were 43.1 million people living in poverty in 2015. In light of this situation, there are currently 21% of 15 million children living in a family with a low income coming into the household according to the National Center for Children in Poverty. Children growing up in poverty usually have the worse outcomes in life. Growing up in a poverty stricken area can have both negative and positive effects on young a child but mostly negative. These could all be mental, physical, and†¦show more content†¦Poverty is seen too often in America, and people do not think about the causes especially in young kids and teenagers. One of the reasons most people do not think much about poverty in this country is because they do not understand how it all happens. /To elaborate, there are many c auses of poverty and one of those causes happens to be a poor economy. Jobs are closing and it is becoming a competition to find new ones. If someone never graduated high school or college, it would be harder for them to get a job compared to someone who has graduated. This can also be related to how people in poverty may not get the proper education. Also, if there are not any jobs left, individuals with low income most likely will never get a job because they do not have a degree and they can not afford to take classes? This causes individuals to only get a small amount of unemployment benefits. In the result of no job opportunities, people are forced to either become homeless or live in low income housing because there is a lack of affordable houses. â€Å"According to the National Low Income Housing Coalition, families across the country would need to earn a â€Å"housing wage† of $15.37 an hour to afford a two-bedroom apartment at the average fair market rent† (Pursegod.org). It is very hard to find a job when someone has no experience, no degree, or is even a drug abuser. In elaboration, Drug abuse is alsoShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Children Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Perez Mrs. Prince ENG 1113 16 November 2016 Poverty in America As of 2013 approximately 45 million people in America lived below the poverty line. In an average three-person household, an annual income of $20,090 is federally considered to be at poverty level. In the year of 2014, 44 percent of children under the age of 18 were living at or below the poverty level. 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